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Zero Trust security model, Latest Security Architecture

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Zero Trust security model, Latest Security Architecture

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      What is the Zero-Trust security model?

      A zero-trust security model is an approach to cybersecurity that assumes no user or device should be trusted by default, regardless of whether it is inside or outside the network perimeter. This model is based on the principle of “never trust, always verify.”

      In a zero-trust security model, access to resources and data is granted on a need-to-know basis only after the user or device requesting access has been authenticated and authorized. This means that access is granted based on specific user, device, and environmental factors such as location, time of day, and other contextual information.

      Zero-Trust security models aim to provide a higher level of security by reducing the attack surface and minimizing the risk of unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security incidents. They often rely on a combination of technologies such as multi-factor authentication, identity and access management (IAM), network segmentation, and encryption to enforce security policies and protect critical assets.

      What are the scenario of Zero-Trust security?

            Here are some scenarios where we would apply Zero-Trust:

            Remote work: With the rise of remote work, employees access sensitive data outside the traditional network perimeter. Zero-Trust security can help ensure that access is granted only to authorized users and devices, even when they are not physically present in the office.

            Cloud computing: Cloud environments are highly distributed and dynamic, making it difficult to establish trust. Zero-Trust security can help protect cloud-based workloads and data by verifying user identity, device health, and other contextual information.

            Internet of Things (IoT): IoT devices are often vulnerable to attacks and can provide an entry point into the network. Zero-Trust security can help prevent unauthorized access and ensure that IoT devices only communicate with authorized endpoints.

            Insider threats: Insider threats can come from both malicious and accidental actors. Zero-Trust security can help limit the impact of such threats by limiting access to sensitive data and resources to only those who need it to perform their job functions.

            Compliance: Regulatory requirements such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS mandate strict controls on access to sensitive data. Zero-Trust security can help ensure compliance by providing a granular level of control over access to such data.

            Overall, the Zero-Trust security model can be applied in any scenario where the traditional network perimeter is no longer a reliable indicator of trust and where organizations need to protect sensitive data and resources from unauthorized access.

            Zero-Trust scope and phases

            The Zero-Trust security model typically involves several phases, which we use to implement and manage a comprehensive security strategy. Here is an overview of the typical phases involved in implementing a Zero-Trust security model:

            Define the Scope: The first phase involves defining the scope of the Zero-Trust security model. This includes identifying the critical assets, data, and resources that need to be protected and the users and devices that will be granted access to these resources.

            Establish policy: Once the scope has been defined, the next step is to establish policies that govern access to these resources. Policies should be based on the principle of “never trust, always verify” and should be designed to limit access to only those users and devices that have been authenticated and authorized.

            Verify user and device identity: The next phase involves implementing technologies that can verify the identity of users and devices. This typically includes multi-factor authentication, identity and access management (IAM), and device health checks.

            Monitor activity: Once access policies and identity verification mechanisms are in place, the next step is to monitor user and device activity to detect potential security incidents. This can be accomplished through the use of security information and event management (SIEM) systems and other monitoring tools.

            Respond to incidents: If a security incident is detected, the Zero-Trust security model should include procedures for responding to and containing the incident. This may involve isolating affected systems, revoking user access, and implementing additional security controls.

            Continuously improve: Finally, the Zero-Trust security model is continually improved over time. This involves regularly reviewing and updating access policies, identity verification mechanisms, and monitoring procedures to ensure they remain effective and current.

            Overall, the Zero-Trust security model is a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity that involves multiple phases and requires ongoing attention and management to ensure the highest level of protection for critical assets, data, and resources.

            What is Zero-Trust architecture?

            Zero-Trust architecture (ZTA) is a security framework that is based on the principle of “never trust, always verify.” The ZTA model assumes that all users, devices, and network traffic are potentially hostile, and as such, access to resources and data must be strictly controlled and continuously verified.

            ZTA replaces the traditional perimeter-based security model with a more dynamic and distributed approach focusing on securing individual devices and data flows rather than relying on a static network perimeter. This means that access is granted on a need-to-know basis only after the user or device requesting access has been authenticated and authorized.

            The ZTA model typically includes the following components:

            Identity and access management (IAM): This component is used to authenticate users and devices and to control access to resources and data.

            Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is used to verify the identity of users and devices and to ensure that access is only granted to authorized entities.

            Network segmentation: Network segmentation creates secure zones within the network and restricts access to sensitive resources.

            Micro-segmentation: Micro-segmentation is a more granular form of network segmentation that allows access controls to be applied at the application or workload level.

            Policy-based access controls: Policy-based access controls enforce security policies and restrict access to resources based on specific user, device, and environmental factors.

            Continuous monitoring and analytics: Continuous monitoring and analytics are used to detect security incidents and to provide insights into network traffic and user behavior.

            Overall, the Zero-Trust architecture model is designed to provide a higher level of security than traditional perimeter-based approaches by reducing the attack surface, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access, and continuously verifying the identity of users and devices.

            Pillars of Zero-Trust Architecture

            The Zero-Trust architecture (ZTA) model is based on several key pillars that provide a comprehensive and effective security framework. Here are the five pillars of Zero-Trust architecture:

            Identity and access management (IAM): This pillar involves using multi-factor authentication (MFA), identity verification, and access controls to ensure that only authorized users and devices can access critical resources and data.

            Network segmentation: Network segmentation divides the network into smaller, more secure zones or segments. This helps to limit the spread of malware and restricts unauthorized access to sensitive data.

            Micro-segmentation: Micro-segmentation takes network segmentation to a more granular level by applying access controls at the application or workload level. This allows for greater control over who can access specific resources and data.

            Policy-based access controls: Policy-based access controls involve the use of policies to determine who can access specific resources and data and under what conditions. Policies can be based on various factors, including user identity, device health, and environmental factors.

            Continuous monitoring and analytics: Continuous monitoring and analytics are used to detect real-time security incidents and provide insights into network traffic and user behavior. This allows for quick detection and response to security incidents and helps to identify potential security vulnerabilities and areas for improvement.

            By leveraging these five pillars of Zero-Trust architecture, organizations can create a more secure and resilient security model better suited to modern cyber threats’ challenges.

            History of Zero-Trust security

            The concept of Zero-Trust security dates back to 2010 when Forrester Research analyst John Kindervag published a research report entitled “No More Chewy Centers: Introducing the Zero-Trust Model of Information Security.” In this report, Kindervag argued that traditional perimeter-based security models, which relied on the assumption that all traffic inside the network was trusted, were no longer effective in the face of advanced cyber threats.

            Kindervag proposed a new security model based on the principle of “never trust, always verify”, which would require all users, devices, and network traffic to be authenticated and authorized before being granted access to resources and data. This model would eliminate the idea of a “trusted” internal network and treat all traffic as potentially hostile.

            Over the years, Zero-Trust security has gained traction in the cybersecurity industry, with many organizations adopting Zero-Trust principles and technologies to improve their security posture. In 2018, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released a Zero-Trust architecture guide, providing a framework for organizations to implement Zero-Trust principles.

            Today, Zero-Trust security is widely recognized as a best practice in cybersecurity. As a result, organizations of all sizes and industries are increasingly adopting it to protect against evolving cyber threats.

            The foundation of the Zero-Trust model

            The foundation of the Zero-Trust model is based on the principle of “never trust, always verify”. In traditional security models, the focus is on securing the network’s perimeter, assuming that all traffic inside the network is trusted. However, this approach has proven insufficient in protecting against advanced cyber threats such as targeted attacks, insider threats, and data breaches.

            The Zero-Trust model, on the other hand, assumes that all users, devices, and network traffic are potentially hostile. As such, access to resources and data must be strictly controlled and continuously verified. This means that access is granted on a need-to-know basis only after the user or device requesting access has been authenticated and authorized.

            The foundation of the Zero-Trust model also includes the following fundamental principles:

            Identity is the new perimeter: Rather than relying on a static network perimeter, the Zero-Trust model focuses on securing individual devices and data flows based on user and device identity.

            Assume breach: The Zero-Trust model assumes that the network has already been breached and continuously monitors and verifies all traffic for signs of compromise.

            Least privilege access: Access to resources and data is granted on a need-to-know basis, with the least privilege necessary to complete the task.

            Micro-segmentation: The network is segmented into smaller, more secure zones or segments, with access controls applied at the application or workload level.

            Continuous monitoring and analytics: Continuous monitoring and analytics are used to detect real-time security incidents and provide insights into network traffic and user behavior.

            By adopting these foundational principles, organizations can create a more dynamic and distributed security model that provides higher protection against evolving cyber threats.

            Benefit of Zero-Trust

            There are several benefits to adopting a Zero-Trust security model. Here are some of the key benefits:

            Improved security posture: Zero-Trust security reduces the risk of data breaches and other security incidents by eliminating the assumption of trust and continuously verifying access to resources and data.

            Better visibility and control: Zero-Trust security provides granular visibility and control over user and device access, enabling organizations to monitor and enforce policies more effectively.

            Reduced attack surface: By implementing network segmentation and micro-segmentation, Zero-Trust security minimizes the attack surface by limiting the scope of potential attacks.

            Enhanced compliance: Zero-Trust security helps organizations to meet regulatory compliance requirements, such as GDPR and HIPAA, by implementing strict access controls and continuous monitoring.

            Increased agility and flexibility: Zero-Trust security enables organizations to adapt to changing business needs and security threats by providing a more dynamic and distributed security model.

            Better protection against insider threats: Zero-Trust security helps to protect against insider threats by applying the principle of least privilege and continuously monitoring user and device behavior.

            Overall, Zero-Trust security provides a more comprehensive and effective security model that better addresses the challenges of modern cyber threats, improves the organization’s security posture, and reduces the risk of data breaches and other security incidents.

            Steps to Implement Zero-Trust Model

            Implementing a Zero-Trust model can be a complex process that involves multiple steps. However, here are some general steps to consider when implementing a Zero-Trust security model:

            Identify critical assets and data: Identify the critical assets and data that need to be protected and determine their location and access requirements.

            Map out the network architecture: Map out the network architecture and identify all entry and exit points, including internal and external users, devices, and applications.

            Define user and device identities: Define user and device identities and establish a policy for granting and revoking access based on these identities.

            Implement strong authentication and authorization mechanisms: Implement strong authentication and authorization mechanisms, such as multi-factor authentication, certificates, and biometrics, to ensure that only authorized users and devices can access resources and data.

            Implement micro-segmentation: Implement micro-segmentation to create smaller, more secure zones or segments within the network, with access controls applied at the application or workload level.

            Implement continuous monitoring and analytics: Implement constant monitoring and analytics to detect security incidents in real-time and provide insights into network traffic and user behavior.

            Develop a policy-based approach: Develop a policy-based approach to security that aligns with the organization’s risk tolerance and regulatory compliance requirements.

            Train employees: Train employees on the Zero-Trust security model and the importance of adhering to security policies and procedures.

            Regularly review and update security policies and procedures: Regularly review and update security policies and procedures to ensure that they align with the organization’s evolving security needs and regulatory compliance requirements.

            By following these steps, organizations can implement a Zero-Trust security model that provides a higher level of protection against evolving cyber threats and better addresses the challenges of modern security threats.

            Challenges in implementing Zero-Trust

            Implementing a Zero-Trust security model can be challenging for organizations. Here are some of the critical challenges that organizations may face when implementing a Zero-Trust security model.

            Complexity: Implementing a Zero-Trust security model can be complex, particularly for organizations with large and complex networks. It requires a significant investment in time, resources, and expertise to properly configure and manage the various components of a Zero-Trust security model.

            Legacy systems and applications: Many organizations still rely on legacy systems and applications that may not be compatible with a Zero-Trust security model. These systems may be unable to support the required authentication and access controls, making it difficult to implement a Zero-Trust security model fully.

            User experience: A Zero-Trust security model can introduce additional authentication and access controls that may impact the user experience. If not properly designed and implemented, these controls can create additional friction for users and impact productivity.

            Cost: Implementing a Zero-Trust security model can be expensive, particularly for smaller organizations with limited budgets. The costs can include hardware, software, and staffing requirements.

            Cultural resistance: Implementing a Zero-Trust security model requires a significant cultural shift within an organization. Employees may resist the new policies and procedures, mainly if they are used to having more open access to resources and data.

            Lack of expertise: Implementing a Zero-Trust security model requires specialized expertise in identity and access management, network security, and data analytics. Many organizations may struggle to find and retain the necessary expertise to implement and manage a Zero-Trust security model properly.

            Implementing a Zero-Trust security model can be a significant challenge for organizations. However, the benefits of increased security and protection against evolving cyber threats make it an important consideration for organizations looking to improve their security posture.

            Overview on Zero-Trust

            Zero-Trust is a security model that eliminates the traditional approach of assuming trust and instead operates on the principle of “never trust, always verify.” The Zero-Trust security model assumes that any user, device, or application attempting to access resources or data must be verified and authenticated, regardless of whether inside or outside the organization’s network perimeter.

            The Zero-Trust model is based on the principle of least privilege, which means that users and devices are only given access to the resources and data they need to perform their specific tasks. This approach minimizes the attack surface by limiting the scope of potential attacks and provides greater visibility and control over network traffic and user behavior.

            Zero-Trust security is based on several key pillars, including strong authentication and access controls, network segmentation and micro-segmentation, continuous monitoring and analytics, policy-based security, and automation and orchestration. By implementing these pillars, organizations can create a more comprehensive and effective security model that better addresses the challenges of modern cyber threats.

            Implementing a Zero-Trust security model can be complex and challenging and requires significant time, resources, and expertise. However, the benefits of increased security and protection against evolving cyber threats make it an essential consideration for organizations looking to improve their security posture.

            Overall, the Zero-Trust security model represents a shift in how organizations approach security, moving away from the traditional assumption of trust towards a more proactive and dynamic approach to security better equipped to deal with the challenges of modern cyber threats.

            Written by – Mr. Adam Pittman

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            Marian Gatchalian

            Service Development Representative

            Marian Gatchalian is a dedicated Service Development Representative at Computerbilities. With a keen eye for detail and a passion for customer satisfaction, Marian plays a pivotal role in bridging the gap between clients and innovative IT solutions. Her expertise in understanding client needs and developing tailored service strategies has made her an invaluable asset to the Computerbilities team. Marian’s commitment to excellence and proactive approach ensures that every client receives top-notch support and services, driving the company’s mission of delivering reliable and cutting-edge IT solutions.

            Eugene Matthew Uy

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            Eugene Matthew Uy is a seasoned Customer Relationship Manager (CRM) with a passion for fostering strong client connections and driving business growth. Currently serving at Computerbilities, a leading technology solutions provider, Eugene excels in understanding client needs and delivering tailored solutions to enhance their experience.

            With a background in customer service and relationship management, Eugene brings a wealth of experience to his role. His proactive approach and dedication to client satisfaction have earned him a reputation for building long-lasting partnerships. By leveraging his expertise in CRM systems and analytics, Eugene implements strategies to streamline communication channels, optimize processes, and anticipate client needs.

            Pradeep Shetty

            Sr. Accounting Specialist

            Pradeep Shetty is a seasoned Senior Accounting Specialist at Computerbilities with a wealth of experience in financial management. With a keen eye for detail and a commitment to excellence, Pradeep ensures the smooth operation of financial processes within the organization. His expertise lies in budgeting, financial analysis, and compliance. Pradeep is known for his strong analytical skills and ability to provide strategic insights to drive business decisions. Dedicated to professional growth, he continuously seeks opportunities to enhance his knowledge and skills in accounting and finance. Pradeep is a valuable asset to the Computerbilities team, contributing to the company’s financial success with his expertise and dedication.

            Sandilyan Muniswamy

            Sr. Web Developer

            Sandilyan Muniswamy is a seasoned Sr. Web Developer and Frontend Developer at Computerbilities with over a decade of experience in WordPress. His expertise lies in crafting dynamic and visually stunning websites, combining technical prowess with creative flair. Sandilyan’s proficiency extends across frontend development, ensuring seamless user experiences and captivating designs. With a passion for innovation, he constantly seeks out new trends and technologies to stay ahead of the curve. Sandilyan’s commitment to excellence and his depth of experience make him an invaluable asset to any web development project.

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            Bharat Parida is an adept SEO Specialist at Computerbilities, with extensive experience in optimizing web presence and driving online growth. Known for his ability to work both collaboratively and independently, Bharat continuously seeks to enhance his skills in the ever-evolving field of digital marketing. Passionate about new technologies and industry trends, he is dedicated to implementing innovative SEO strategies that increase visibility and engagement. Bharat is driven by the challenge of a competitive environment and is committed to contributing to the success of his team and company.

            Sumit Rawat

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            Sumit Rawat is an experienced System Administrator at Computerbilities with several years in the IT industry. His core expertise includes Windows Server 2012, MS Exchange, Office 365 management, and network security. Sumit thrives in both team environments and solo projects, consistently seeking to enhance his skill set. Passionate about emerging technologies, he is continuously learning and exploring AWS, Azure, DevOps, and Python automation. Sumit is eager to contribute to a challenging and competitive environment that will allow him to further strengthen and expand his technical abilities.

            Kapil Sirohi

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            Kapil Sirohi is a skilled Network Engineer at Computerbilities, specializing in IT infrastructure management and security. He manages Symantec Antivirus servers, ensures network protection, and handles AD, DHCP, DNS, WDS, and WSUS services.

            Kapil is proficient with Veeam for VM backup and restoration and excels in implementing AD roles, features, and group policies. He performs daily storage, log monitoring, server health checks, and critical service updates via WSUS.

            His expertise includes resource monitoring, configuration management, and virtual machine creation and management. He administrates file servers, manages folder access, and handles user ID creation and deletion. Additionally, Kapil manages VM migrations, Hyper-V backups over SAN storage, server event logs, and resolves WDS and PXE boot issues.

             

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            Anju Pandey is a seasoned business analyst with a robust track record in client relationships, business analysis, and relationship management for leading global technology companies. With four years of extensive experience across various sectors, including matrimony, education, and IT providers, Anju brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to her role. Currently, she leverages her skills as a Marketing Specialist at Computerbilities, where she continues to drive impactful strategies and foster strong client connections.

            Rolland Gomes

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            Rolland Gomes is a seasoned Operations Manager with 19 years of dynamic experience in Delivery Excellence, Quality, and Process domains. With a robust background spanning BPO, Service Desks (ITES), and IT environments, Rolland brings a wealth of expertise to the table. Having spent over a decade in BPO and ITES sectors, he possesses an unparalleled understanding of BPO operations. Over the past 16 years, Rolland has been actively engaged with SaaS and Remote connection technologies, demonstrating his adaptability in the ever-evolving tech landscape.

            Rolland is recognized for his strong analytical skills and unwavering commitment to enhancing organizational efficiency. As a dedicated team member, he prioritizes excellence and continually strives for improvement. Eager to contribute to organizational growth, Rolland is poised to join the leadership team at Computerbilities, where he aims to leverage his skills and knowledge to drive success and innovation.

            Joseph Hobbins

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            Joseph Hobbins is an experienced Network Administrator at Computerbilities with a demonstrated history of excellence in the information technology and services industry. He possesses a diverse skill set that includes HVAC, management, writing, network administration, and customer service. Joseph holds two Associate’s degrees from Wake Technical Community College, one in Information Technology and another in Heating and Air, Refrigeration Technology. His strong educational background and multifaceted expertise make him a valuable asset to the Computerbilities team.

            Nitish Tiwari

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            Nitish joined us in April 2021 as a Network Engineer. Nitish was brought up in Chandigarh, India but is originally from Uttarakhand, India. He previously worked as a System Administrator for SankalpIT and Technospecs Technologies and provided remote technical support to the US, UK, Australia MSPs. Nitish has experience with Backup, Antivirus, and RMM Technologies. He has a strong engineering background in Information Technologies and enjoys technical challenges while enhancing his knowledge to the next level. In his spare time, Nitish enjoys fitness and traveling (especially to the Himalayas mountains). A fun fact about Nitish is that he likes to listen to Romantic Songs and watching Web Series Thriller Movies. One of his favorites being “Money Heist.”

            Chase Pittman

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            Chase Pittman joined Computerbilities in January 2018 as a Computer Support Technician. Chase was previously employed with Bon Appetit as a Chef for the SAS main campus in Cary, NC. He found himself wanting more of a career and took the opportunity to get into the IT Industry as a Computer Support Technician. Chase is now successfully continuing his education with CompTIA certifications and will continue to educate himself with other IT certifications as his career progresses. When not working, he has a passion for music and art and mechanically modifying vehicles. Chase is eager to advance his IT career and provide quality services for the Computerbilities client base.

            Joel Stalcup

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            Joel Stalcup has been fascinated by computers since the first Apple became available to his family in the early 80’s. During his tenure in the Army, Joel worked with Logistics Clerks that utilized computer, satellite, and network equipment. With the high demand of IT issues in his office, Joel used his personal knowledge and the direction from the S6 communication IT support to resolve small network problems, mass software installation and upgrades, and printer issues. Due to injuries, Joel was medically retired from the Army after serving ten years’ active duty. After deciding to go to college for Information Technology Industry, Joel attended ITT Technical Institution in Durham, NC and received an Associate Degree in Network System Administrator. Currently he is pursuing additional Information Security education. In the summer of 2016 Joel began working at Computerbilities as a Network Engineer and Help Desk Support. Joel is married to Kristina Anzaldua-Stalcup, who is his support system and best friend and the father of five beautiful and intelligent children, three sons and two daughters.

            Mark Mahar

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            Mark Mahar has been with Computerbilities since 2011. He graduated from ECPI University in Raleigh where he studied IT/Network Security, but his interest in computers started much earlier in his life. Mark grew up watching his mother work on computers for Cisco, and it was watching and helping her with different projects that first sparked his love for technology. Mark has training in all aspects of IT and help desk, such as: hardware replacement, active directory, servers, MS operating systems, routing & switching and cabling. When he isn’t working on computers, Mark loves to travel and spend time with his kids.

            Adam Pittman

            President

            Adam Pittman is President of Computerbilities, Inc. and is a veteran Computer Technician and Network Engineer with more than 35 years of experience in the computer industry. Adam has worked with local and federal government agencies and with more than 2000 businesses in more than 100 industries, including companies such as Boeing, General Dynamics and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. In 2006, Adam was the recipient of the Businessman of the Year award and received the Secretary of Defense Patriotic Employer Award in 2017. Computerbilities was named Best of Business Raleigh Business Services in 2013. In his spare time, Adam is passionate about Sailing and has sailed the British and U. S. Virgin Islands more than a dozen times.

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